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Unix Timestamp Reference

Unix timestamp reference with common milestones, value ranges, and conversion rules.

Last updated: 2026-08-28

categorytimestampdatedescription
Milestone01970-01-01 00:00:00 UTCUnix Epoch — the starting point of Unix time
Milestone11970-01-01 00:00:01 UTCOne second after the Unix Epoch
Milestone601970-01-01 00:01:00 UTCOne minute after the Epoch
Milestone36001970-01-01 01:00:00 UTCOne hour after the Epoch
Milestone864001970-01-02 00:00:00 UTCOne day after the Epoch (24 * 60 * 60)
Milestone6048001970-01-08 00:00:00 UTCOne week after the Epoch (7 * 86400)
Milestone10000001970-01-12 13:46:40 UTCOne million seconds after the Epoch
Milestone100000001970-04-26 17:46:40 UTCTen million seconds after the Epoch
Milestone1000000001973-03-03 09:46:40 UTCOne hundred million seconds after the Epoch
Milestone10000000002001-09-09 01:46:40 UTCOne billion seconds after the Epoch (Billennium)
Milestone12345678902009-02-13 23:31:30 UTCSequential digits milestone
Milestone15000000002017-07-14 02:40:00 UTC1.5 billion seconds after the Epoch
Milestone16000000002020-09-13 12:26:40 UTC1.6 billion seconds after the Epoch
Milestone17000000002023-11-14 22:13:20 UTC1.7 billion seconds after the Epoch
Milestone18000000002027-01-15 08:00:00 UTC1.8 billion seconds after the Epoch
Milestone20000000002033-05-18 03:33:20 UTCTwo billion seconds after the Epoch
Milestone21474836472038-01-19 03:14:07 UTCY2K38 problem — 32-bit signed integer max value (2^31 - 1)
Milestone21474836482038-01-19 03:14:08 UTCOne second past 32-bit signed overflow — breaks legacy 32-bit systems
Milestone42949672952106-02-07 06:28:15 UTC32-bit unsigned integer max value (2^32 - 1)
Milestone90071992547409922255-05-28 23:11:36 UTC2^53 — beyond this, JS Number loses integer precision (use BigInt)
Range0 to 21474836471970-01-01 to 2038-01-19Safe range for 32-bit signed integers (Y2K38 boundary)
Range0 to 42949672951970-01-01 to 2106-02-07Safe range for 32-bit unsigned integers
Range0 to 90071992547409911970-01-01 to 2255-05-28Safe range for JavaScript Number (2^53 - 1, IEEE 754 double)
Rangenegativebefore 1970-01-01Negative timestamps represent dates before the Unix Epoch
RulesecondsN/AUnix timestamps count seconds (not milliseconds) since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
RuleJS Date.now()N/AJavaScript Date.now() returns milliseconds — divide by 1000 to get Unix timestamp
RuleJS Math.floor(Date.now()/1000)N/AConvert JavaScript milliseconds to Unix seconds
Rulenew Date(ts * 1000)N/AConvert Unix timestamp to JavaScript Date object (multiply by 1000)
RuleISO 8601N/ATo convert to ISO string: new Date(ts * 1000).toISOString()
Ruleleap secondsN/AUnix time ignores leap seconds — every day is exactly 86400 seconds
RuleUTC onlyN/AUnix timestamps are always in UTC — apply timezone offset only for display

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